further: [OE] Etymologically, further is simply a comparative form of forth, and originally meant nothing more than simply ‘more forward’. Its more metaphorical senses, ‘in addition’ and ‘to a greater extent’, are secondary developments. It was formed in the pre-historic Germanic period, and so has relatives in other Germanic languages, such as German vorder. Its verbal use is apparently equally ancient. => forth
further (adv.)
Old English fureor, foreor "to a more advanced position, forward, onward, beyond, more distant; farther away; later, afterward; to a greater degree or extent, in addition; moreover," etymologically representing either "forth-er" or "fore-ther." The former would be from fureum (see forth) + comparative suffix *-eron-, *-uron- (compare inner, outer).
Alternative etymology (Watkins) traces it to Proto-Germanic *furthera-, from PIE *pr-tero- (source also of Greek proteros "former"), representing the root *per- (1) "forward, through" (see per) + comparative suffix also found in after, other. Senses of "in addition, to a greater extent" are later metaphoric developments.
It replaced or absorbed farrer, ferrer as comparative of far (itself a comparative but no longer felt as one). Farrer itself displaced Old English fierr in this job; farrer survived until 17c., then was reduced to dialect by rival farther. "The primary sense of further, farther is 'more forward, more onward'; but this sense is practically coincident with that of the comparative degree of far, where the latter word refers to real or attributed motion in some particular direction." [OED]
further (v.)
Old English fyreran, fyrerian "to impel, urge on; advance, promote, benefit;" see further (adv.). Compare Middle Low German vorderen, Old High German furdiran, German f?rdern, probably from their respective adjectives via the notion in phrases such as Old English don fureor "to promote." Related: Furthered; furthering. After the further/farther split, this sense also continued in a shadow verb farther (v.), attested from 16c. but apparently dying out 19c.
further (adj.)
Old English furera "further, greater, superior," probably a prehistoric derivative of further (adv.). Compare Old Frisian fordera, German vorder "that is before another." In early Middle English it also meant "earlier, former, previous;" a great-grandfather was a furtur ealdefader (12c.), and a previous wife was referred to legally as a forther wife.
雙語例句
1. The room was quiet; no one volunteered any further information.
房間很安靜，無人主動提供更多的信息。
來自柯林斯例句
2. His style could scarcely be further removed from that of his predecessor.
他的風格幾乎和他的前輩如出一轍。
來自柯林斯例句
3. Now we live further away from the city centre.
現在我們住得離市中心更遠了。
來自柯林斯例句
4. As the baby suckles, a further supply of milk is generated.
嬰兒吮吸時，會有更多的奶水流出來。
來自柯林斯例句
5. He went even further in his speech to the conference.